Wednesday, May 26, 2021

Math Curriculums and Recommendations

This page is an attempt to list my list of math curriculums, books, programs that covers K-12

Basic Math knowledge - Basic Literacy 

I have not reviewed all of them, but sampled most of them. Provides varying level of engagement for kids. One is not necessarily better than the other. Just pick one and stick with it.

Standard Math Curriculum - Solid Foundation

Recommended Math Curriculums - Enhanced Foundation

Art of Problem Solving

Elements of Mathematics

Unified Modern Mathematics - see here for history

  • NOTE: Not all materials are available for this curriculum
  • Upto Pre-Algebra in Art of Problem Solving
  • Course 1
  • Course 2
    • Part 1 - Proofs, Groups, Geometry, Fields, Real Numbers, Co-ordinate Geometry
    • Part 2 - Real Functions, Statistics, Geometry, Combinatorics
    • Teachers Commentary
  • Course 3
  • Course 4 - 
  • Course 5 - 
  • Course 6 - Introduction to differential equations


Contest Preparation 


Basic Contest Preparation 

Olympiad Level Contest Preparation





Supplementary



Supplementary Books

Elementary

Middle school

    High School

    Problem Solving and Proofs





    Recreational/Casual 

    Math Education

    Math Help

    Grade 9 - Exemplar Tips - Ottawa School District Board Booklet




    Math to Avoid

    The following are books/curriculum/programs that teach 19th century skills in 21st century. At best they won't add any value and at worst have a great ability to make you dumb.
    • Kumon
    • UCMAS
    • Aloha




    Friday, October 9, 2020

    Blockchain 101

     

    The Basics

    News/Media

     

     

     

    Grades Vs. Efforts

     Yesterday,  I received my son's final assessment report for Grade 2. He did get good grades (mostly A+, a few A's and one B+). I chuckled at the overall assessment because I wasn't sure what I could make out of it. Being the skeptic I am on any non-independent assessment in this rampant grade inflated era, I wasn't sure if the report is actually helping me or my son. While he tried explaining to me why he got a B, I told him that wasn't my concern at all and that I am indeed happy because there is scope for improvement. I told him that I was concerned about the A+s and As.  He didn't quite understand. I thought about how I could explain this to a 2nd grader. Then I drew a version of the picture below and told him that the most preferred place to be is #1 and least preferred is #4. And I told him that I don't have enough information whether he is placed  #1 or #4 as the assessment is not outside his school and more importantly difficulty is not known. . Since he had previously written Math Kangaroo, I managed to use that as an example for independent assessment.


    I don’t know if he actually understood what I told him, but he sure understood that just getting a A+ or A will not impress me

    Ubuntu 18.04 and Unison

     I have been using Unison for several to sync files and I recently upgraded to 18.04 LTS.

    Unision will no longer synch between the upgrade machine and my local machine. When a file is copied from my local machine to the upgraded machine, it copied well but the otherway around got an error
    unison loadlocale.c _nl_intern_locale_data: Assertion `cnt < (sizeof (_nl_value_type_LC_TIME) / sizeof (_nl_value_type_LC_TIME[0]))' failed

    After some trial and error the following workaround helped

    1. Rename the unison executable. You can find it under (/usr/bin/unison-x.xx (to for e.g. /usr/bin/unison-x.xx.exe)
    2. Rename the unison symbolic link /usr/bin/unison (to for e.g. /usr/bin/unison.exe) and  make it point to the new renamed executable in Step 1.
    3. Create the following shell scripts and save it under the 2 original names
    #!/bin/bash
    LANG=C unison.exe "$@"

    Worked like a charm. I know I will have issues when upgrading unison but I am hoping the bug in loadlocale.c is fixed before that.
    Notes

    a) You will have to be logged in as root for steps 1-3
    b) Step 1 is necessary because when synching from a Windows machine through ssh, it searches and invokes unison
    c) Step 2 is necessary because when synching from a Mac machine through ssh, it searches and invokes unison-x.xx
    d) This workaround could've been made simpler for e.g. creating only one script, etc. but I wanted to retain the original deployment structure. When the issue is fixed all I have to do is to delete the scripts and do a rename.

    Learning from Top Students




    The video is about research findings across thousands of high school students in Australia, UK and the US.
    Key observations

    1. IQ does not matter for success in schools
    2. Hard work is necessary but not sufficient.
    3. Behavioural traits of top students include - self motivation, self discipline and resiliency (i.e. keeping at it even when marks go down in a test).
    4. Memorizing doesn't help - Tests are about how you use what you remember, not what you remember.

    What Top students do that you can do

    1. Do more practice exams.
    2. Create a study timetable with first putting all the times you will not study (where you do other things), and then fill in with the times you will study.

    Some notes Feynman Technique for learning anything


    Summarized from Genius: The Life and Science of Richard Feynman.

    1. Write up all you know or want to explain about the topic. This is will be a work in progress and the material will increase when your knowledge increases. In the electronic medium you want to want to write up a blog page for that or a separate One Note page.
    2. Pretend to teach it to a classroom - or to self.
    3. Identify areas you are shaky, stuck or not confident - Go back to sources and review.
    4. Identify any technical jargons in your explanations, simplify them using analogies/metaphors.


    Some Notes from Five Principles of extraordinary math teaching

    1. Start with the question.
    2. Students need time to struggle. Dont provide solutions/answers. Some math problems should take hours or days to solve.
    3. You are not the answer key. Dont provide answers, instead ask why it is true.
    4. Say yes to ideas - even wrong ideas - don't dismiss them. Rather explore them.
    5. Math is not about following rules - but playing
    https://youtu.be/ytVneQUA5-c
     

    AMC 8

     What is it?

    • American Mathematical Contest is a middle school math contest conducted by Mathematical Association of America (MAA)
    • Anyone Grade 8 or lower can participate
    • First of the AMC tests - Others being AMC 10 (covers first 2 years of high school) and AMC 12(covers all 4 years of high school except calculus)
    • Around 200,000 kids write the exam (~2016 stats)

    Contest Format and Duration

    • 25 Questions - 40 Minutes - Arranged in increasing order of difficulty
      • Questions 1-10 are considered easy - If you can't solve these, seek help for school math. It is extremely unlikely you will do well in high school. 
      • Questions 11-20 are considered moderately difficult. If you can solve these, you can consider yourself average in math.
      • Questions 21-25 are considered difficult. If you can solve these, then you are proficient in Math
    • No Penalty for wrong answers
    • All multiple choice

    Topics Covered

    • Number Sense (16%) 
    • Number Theory (32%) 
      • Odd and Even Parities
      • Divisibility Rules
    • Counting (8%)
      • Double Counting
      • Complimentary Counting
      • Casework
    • Measurement and Probability (12%)
    • Algebra (16%)
    • Geometry (16%)
      • Exterior Angle Theorem

    Why should I write AMC 8

    • Most of the math problems in many textbooks are close to being useless. You cannot learn useful math. Solving them is tantamount to copying a large book by hand with the objective of learning literature.
    • An objective assessment of your math skills. Math contests in the erstwhile USSR and most of Asia is for mathematically talented kids. The beginning level of the problems is pretty high. Not being able to solve them doesn't necessarily mean you lack math skills.  But Math contests in North America is for the masses. There will be problems that students every level can solve. Doing well in these mean you are good at math and not being able to do any or only able to do 1 or 2 problems mean that you are bad at math even at a basic level. You need help at school if you perform at the bottom. So contests like AMC 8 and CEMC are good diagnostic tools.
    • Opportunity to practice problem solving. There is no material advantage of writing AMC 8 (unlike AMC 10 and 12). You don't get special admission or recognition anywhere based on your AMC 8. The reward is itself. 
    • How contest writing helps

    Strategies & Tips

    Preparing for AMC

    • Take Old Practice Exams in a simulated test environment
    • Keep a record of every practice test - marking 1 for correct, 1! for correct guess, 0 for wrong, 0! for incorrect guesses,  0? for attempted (but no answer) and blank for skipped
    • Questions 1-10 are all about using tricks for school math. If you don't use the tricks or shortcuts you may still solve it but will spend time that you can't use for other problems.
    • In geometry problems draw additional lines or grids to see if the problem gets simplified
    • Learn the basics - divisibility tests, 

    On Exam Day

    • Have a test kit ready - Pencil, Paper, Graph paper, rulers, protractors, erasers
    • Organize your scratch paper so you can check your work faster
      • Divide paper to grid
      • Box answer, draw clear diagram.
      • Put a circle on unsure answers (put on problem numbers)
      • No eraser on scratch paper
      • Even write down mental math answers (don't skip writing down answers)
      • Don't solve more than what is required.
      • Even if guessing answers write choices down e.g A or B (dont forget to circle the question)
    • Leave last 3-5 minutes to check answer (starting with the ones you circle)

    Problem Solving Tips


    • A great tactic to start most geometry problems is to just figure out all information you can to get started and then mark them on the diagram.
    • If something is too complex try to break it up into smaller pieces that are easier to handle
    • Dont panic if you don't understand a problem. Take a deep breath!!
    • When computing areas of complex/irregular figures try to start computing areas of simple figures (triangles, rectangles, circles) and then adding or subtracting the smaller areas to get the area of the complex figure.
    • In counting problems, check for boundary items. It is easy to make one-off errors and undercount or overcount.
    • It is important to be systematic when solving a counting problem. When it's easy to get lost, it's even more important.
    • In counting problems, it can be helpful to come up with a different way of getting the answer, so you can check if your answer is correct.





    Awards

    • Certificate of distinction - Score of 22-25 (Top 2%)
    • Honor Roll - Top 5% - 18-21
    • Certificate of Merit - 6th Grades or lower - Top 15% (Score >=15)

    Resources

    Thursday, October 8, 2020

    James Tanton Problem Solving Strategies

     

    James Tanton - Problem Solving Strategies - Curriculum Inspirations from MAA

    https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/teachers/curriculum-inspirations



    Strategy 1 - Successful Flailing. 

    Have no idea how to answer the question? - Try successful flailing

    Write everything you know related to the question and hope things will fall into place and make some sense.

    e.g. if it is about divisibility, try something (or everything) you know about divisibility
    if it is about averages, try something (or everything) you know about averages.

    draw picture or do something related to the problem


    Strategy #1 - Engage in successful flailing



    Grade 8


    A Tricky Length


    Non-Congruent Triangles


    Area in a Polygon - TBD - Doesn’t belong here? - Repeated in Strategy #2 as well.


    A Sneaky Area


    Additional License Plates


    Overlapping Triangles


    Counting Jelly Beans



    Abstract Sums


    Unicorns at Play


    Counting Coins


    Divisible by 13


    Trapezoidal Perimeter


    Mixed Colors



    Grade 10


    Logarthim and Exponents


    Painted Cube


    Sum of Powers of Ten


    Hypotenuse Please


    Gothic Windows



    Selecting Committes



    Counting Multiples


    An Integer Sequence


    Changing Mean


    Mowing Lawns


    All Read Beads



    Grade 12


    Hundreds Digit of a Power


    Point of a Contact Triangle


    Maximum Ratio




    Focus and Directrix


    Two Digit Means



    A Trigonometric Length



    Filling a Grid



    Logs of Divisors



    A Lopsided Pyramid


    Strategy #2 - Do Something

    https://www.maa.org/node/129113/

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/essay2.pdf


    Grade 8


    Area in a Polygon


    Units Digit



    Counting Wins


    An Array of Sums


    A Length in a Square


    Probably a multiple of Three



    A Weird Calculator


    Three Special Factors


    A Trapezoid Area


    Circle Gaps


    Grade 10


    Stacking Coins


    Logarithms and Exponents



    Distributive Rules


    Walking the Track



    Chords in a circle



    Length in a Trapezoid



    Units of Big Powers



    A Tricky Length


    Repeated Visits


    Successive Triangles



    Arranging Mean, Median and Mode


    Some Algebra


    Multi-Base Three Digit Numbers


    Arithmetic Algebra



    Lots of Chimes




    Grade 12


    Quadaratic Values


    Frog Leaping



    A Third of an input



    A Ratio of Areas


    A Complex Minimum



    Dividing by 100


    Strategy #3 - Engage in wishful thinking

    https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/teachers/curriculum-inspirations/Essay3

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/essay3.pdf


    Grade 8


    Three Digit Reversal


    One Versus Two Coin Tosses


    A Triangle Area


    Grade 10


    Eliminating Roots



    Grade 12


    The Biggest Circle


    Quadaratic Values


    Elite Players and Logarithms



    Strategy #4 - Draw a picture

    https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/teachers/curriculum-inspirations/Essay4

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/essay4.pdf


    Grade 8


    Two Trees


    Dealing with Averages


    Grade 10

    Intersecting Tetrahedra


    Areas of Nested Squares


    Chords in a circle


    Skipped counts



    Two Counterfeit Coins




    Rectangular Region


    Counting Two Sets


    Cut the Cube


    Biking Towards Each other


    Selecting Donuts


    A Ferris Wheel Ride


    Grade 12


    Focus and Directrix


    Frog Leaping


    Parking Probability


    Bug Walking



    Strategy #5 - Solve a smaller version of the same problem

    https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/teachers/curriculum-inspirations/Essay5

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/essay5.pdf



    Grade 8


    Units Digit

    http://youtu.be/161SYIL4sR0

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/CB015_Units-Digit.pdf



    Stair Climbing

    http://youtu.be/nAP2npokFok

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/CB028_Stair-Climbing.pdf


    A Big last Digit 

    http://youtu.be/gjfJSNAoqjU

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/CB043_A-Big-Last-Digit.pdf



    Rows and Columns Sums

    http://youtu.be/DTl4QAgJK0s

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/CB076_Row-and-Column-Sums.pdf


    Overlapping Squares

    http://youtu.be/MMwnQN7RaAw

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/CB115_Overlapping-Squares.pdf



    Grade 10


    A Cross Section Area

    http://youtu.be/pNmWiynmaPc

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/CB069_A-Cross-Section-Area.pdf



    Circle Area

    http://youtu.be/5t9M5TwJgw4

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/CB007_Circle-Area.pdf


    Grade 12


    No Grade 12 Problems.



    Strategy #6 - Eliminate the incorrect choices

    https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/teachers/curriculum-inspirations/Essay6

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/essay6.pdf


    Grade 8


    Consecutive Squares


    Matching Cards


    A Sailing Ship



    Grade 10 


    Stacking Coins



    A Curved Area


    Largest Common Divisor


    Avid Reading




    Grade 12


    Differences of Four Numbers


    Mean, Median and Mode



    Strategy #7 - Perseverance is Key

    https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/teachers/curriculum-inspirations/Essay7

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/essay7.pdf


    Grade 8

    At least as many heads


    Angles in a Star


    Counting Non-Congruent Triangles


    A Dart Probability


    Best Value


    Sitting and Standing


    Circles in Squares


    A Complicated Area




    Grade 10

    Probably Above a Parabola


    Coloring a Pentagon


    Sum of the Ends


    Counting Events


    A Random Sequence


    Selecting Digits


    Removing Square Tiles


    Ending with 23


    Rounded Roots



    Grade 12

    Focus and Directrix


    Arthimetic Logs


    Iterated Function Domain


    Strategy #8 - Second Guess the author



    Grade 8

    Hidden Primes


    Grade 10

    Pencil Prices


    Town Population



    Given a Bye


    Melted Icre Cream


    A Reflected Triangle


    Grade 12

    Whats the Domain


    Bug Walking



    Strategy #9 - Avoid Hard Work

    Grade 8


    Units Digit


    Shaded Triangles


    Pinwheel Area


    A curious surface area


    Oneless Numbers


    Percent Shaded



    Running Lemming


    Overlapping Circle and Square


    Remainders of Two


    Circle Moves


    Hands of a clock


    One Zero


    99 Digit Products



    Grade 10

    Intersecting Tetrahedra



    Red and White Chips


    Grade 12


    Renumbered Dice


    A Compound Complex Function



    Strategy #10 - Go To Extremes

    https://www.maa.org/math-competitions/teachers/curriculum-inspirations/Essay10

    https://www.maa.org/sites/default/files/pdf/CurriculumInspirations/essay10.pdf



    Grade 8


    Hats and Gloves


    Different Darts


    False Relation


    Grade 10


    A Line through Lattice Points


    Differences of Four Numbers


    Union of Two Sets


    How Many Twos?


    A Magic Square


    Very Eight-Centered


    Perfect Square Fraction


    Grade 12


    No Grade 12 problems



    Math Curriculums and Recommendations

    This page is an attempt to list my list of math curriculums, books, programs that covers K-12 Basic Math knowledge - Basic Literacy  I have ...